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In 1410, Ralph de Eure, knight ([Sir William Eure]) was granted, by Cardinal Langley, Bishop of Durham, (In year 5 of his reign) a Durham Pardon licence to crenellate Witton' (Witton Castle, Witton-le-Wear)

The wording of this licence is;

"Has pardon for enclosing and fortifying his manor of Witton' without licence, and permission to complete the same.
fortallicium"


the document is actually a pardon for unlicensed crenellation.


Original source is

(In fact, the original source given is usually a transcription/translation of what are precious medieval documents not readily availably. It should be noted that these transcription/translations often date to the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries and that unwitting bias of transcribers may affect the translation. Care should also be taken to avoid giving modern meaning to the medieval use of certain stock words and terms.)


Significant later source are;


More details about licences to crenellate can be found here.

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This record last updated on Wednesday, December 6, 2006

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