In 1260 Dec 18, Marmaducus, filius Galfri (Marmaduke fitz Geoffrey) was granted, by Henry III, (In year 45 of his reign) a Royal licence to crenellate Horden (Horden Hall)

"Licence for Marmaduke son of Geoffrey to fortify his house (domum suam) of Horden, co. Durham, with ditches and a wall of stone, and to crenellate the same."

Granted at Woodstock,

Original source is

• Calendar of Patent Rolls (1258-66) p132

(In fact, the original source given is usually a transcription/translation of what are precious medieval documents not readily availably. It should be noted that these transcription/translations often date to the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries and that unwitting bias of transcribers may affect the translation. Care should also be taken to avoid giving modern meaning to the medieval use of certain stock words and terms.)

Significant later source are;

• Turner, T.H. and Parker, J.H., 1859, Some account of Domestic Architecture in England (Oxford) Vol3 pt2 p402

More details about licences to crenellate can be found here.

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