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In 1259 Nov 7, Richard de Clare was granted, by Henry III, (In year 44 of his reign) a Royal licence to crenellate Manhale (Manhale)

The wording of this licence is;

"de novo construere"

Granted at Westminster, by Memorandum that on Friday the morrow of St. Leonards the king ordered the above-written letter to the said earl of Gloucester to be made in the presence of Roger le Bigod, earl marshal, Hugh le Bigod, the justiciary of England, Henry de Wengham, the chancellor, John Mansell, treasurer of York, and others of the council in the queen's chapel at Westminster..


King writes "licensed 1259. Something may have come of this." licensed along with Southwold Suffolk


Original source is

(In fact, the original source given is usually a transcription/translation of what are precious medieval documents not readily availably. It should be noted that these transcription/translations often date to the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries and that unwitting bias of transcribers may affect the translation. Care should also be taken to avoid giving modern meaning to the medieval use of certain stock words and terms.)


Significant later source are;


More details about licences to crenellate can be found here.

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This record last updated on Wednesday, December 6, 2006

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