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Salisbury City Defences
Also known as, or recorded in historical
documents as; Novae Sarum
In the civil parish of Salisbury.
In the historic county of Wiltshire (Modern Authority of Wiltshire, 1974 county of Wiltshire).
Scant traces of C13 earthern defences of 'new' city of Salisbury. Turner says probably only a boundary ditch until late C14. Licence to crenellate granted 1328, 1372 and ratified in 1377, may have resulted in bank and palisade. Grant of timber to town in 1378. Ditch and fences broken down by evil doers in 1381. Salisbury's town defences comprised an earthern rampart and ditch. The ditch was dug in 1310 and all the defences completed about 1388. The rampart extended from St Martin's Church to St Ann Street, along Rampart Road to Winchester Street, across the Greencroft to St Edmunds College and on to the River Avon at Castle Street. Entrances through the defences were present in Castle Street, Winchester Street and St Ann's Street, these were demolished in 1771 and 1784.
This site has been described as a;
Urban Defence.
The confidence
that this site is a medieval fortification or palace is Certain.
Cropmarks/slight earthworks remains.
A Royal licence
to crenellate was
granted in 1227 Jan 30.
A Royal licence
to crenellate was
granted in 1328 April 12.
A Royal licence
to crenellate was
granted in 1372 Nov 26.
A Royal licence
to crenellate was
granted in 1377 July 20.
The Ordnance Survey Map Grid Reference is SU14373036
PastScape number;
218479
Books
- Creighton, O.H. and Higham, R.A., 2005, Medieval Town Walls (Stroud: Tempus) p18, 24, 37, 80-1, 90, 105, 129, 207, 218, 237, 256
Thompson, M.W., 1998, Medieval bishops' houses in England and Wales (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing) p167, 168
Bond, C.J., 1987, 'Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Defences' in Schofield, J. and Leech, R. (eds) Urban Archaeology in Britain (CBA Research Report) p92-116
King, D.J.C., 1983, Castellarium Anglicanum (London: Kraus) Vol2 p503
RCHME, 1980, ‘City defences’, in Ancient and Historical Monuments in the City of Salisbury Vol1 (HMSO) p50-51
Barley, M.W., 1975, 'Town Defences in England and Wales after 1066' in Barley (ed) Medieval Towns in England and Wales (CBA research reports) pp57-71 plan p66
Turner, H.L., 1971, Town Defences in England and Wales (London) p198-9
Rogers, J.H., 1969, 'Salisbury' in Lobel, M.D. (ed), Historic Towns: Maps and Plans of Towns and Cities in the British Isles, with Historical Commentaries, from Earliest Times to 1800' Vol1 (London: Lovell Johns-Cook, Hammond and Kell Organization) p1-9
Crittal, Eliz. (ed), 1962, 'Salisbury: Bridges, bars, gates and mills' VCH Wiltshire Vol6 p87-90 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=41788
Turner, T.H. and Parker, J.H., 1859, Some account of Domestic Architecture in England (Oxford) Vol3 pt2 p328, 417
Journal Articles
- 1961, Medieval Archaeology Vol5 p325-6
1947, Archaeological Journal Vol104 p9
Primary (Medieval documents or transcriptions of such documents
- This section is far from complete and the secondary
sources should be consulted for full references.)
- Calendar of Charter Rolls Vol4 p82
Calendar of Patent Rolls (1370-74) p220
Calendar of Patent Rolls (1377-81) p9, 10
Jones, W. Rich (ed), 1891, Charters and Documents Illustrating the History of the Cathedral, City, and Diocese of Salisbury in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Aevi Scriptores (Rolls Series) Vol5 p97 (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1891). Reprint, Kraus Reprint Ltd., 1965.
Antiquarian (Histories and accounts from late medieval and early modern writers)
- Speed, John, 1611-12, The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain [http://faculty.oxy.edu/horowitz/home/johnspeed/Cities25.htm]
William Camden, 1607, Britannia [http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/cambrit/wilshireeng.html#wilts14]
Chandler, John, 1993, John Leland's Itinerary: travels in Tudor England (Sutton Publishing) p492-3, 498
Toulmin-Smith, Lucy (ed), 1910, The itinerary of John Leland in or about the years 1535-1543 (Bell and Sons; London) Vol1 p259
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