Thelwall Town Defences

In the civil parish of Grappenhall And Thelwall.
In the historic county of Cheshire (Modern Authority of Warrington, 1974 county of Cheshire).

Leland suggested, "not at all conviningly" that town may have been walled. Cullen writes an Anglo-Saxon Burh was order to be built in 919. Bond puts this in his list of burh of no significance after 1066. Turner says did not retain its military importance into late Middle Ages. PastScape records 'Earthwork remains of a bank in the grounds of Chaigeley School - possibly representing the remains of the defences of the burh documented at Thelwall.' Camden records it as walled by tree trunks. Questionable that this had C11 or later use.

This site has been described as a;
Urban Defence.
The confidence that this site is a medieval fortification or palace is Questionable.
Cropmarks/slight earthworks remains.

The Ordnance Survey Map Grid Reference is SJ65538750

PastScape number; 73074

Books

Creighton, O.H. and Higham, R.A., 2005, Medieval Town Walls (Stroud: Tempus) p269
Bond, C.J., 1987, 'Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Defences' in Schofield, J. and Leech, R. (eds) Urban Archaeology in Britain (CBA Research Report) p92-116
Harris, B.E. and Thacker, A.T. (eds), 1987, VCH Cheshire Vol1 p291
Cullen, P.W. and Hordern, R., 1986, Castles of Cheshire (Crossbow Books) p5
King, D.J.C., 1983, Castellarium Anglicanum (London: Kraus) Vol1 p250 [placed in Lancs]
Grealey, S., 1976, The Archaeology of Warrington's Past p36, 39, 83
Turner, H.L., 1971, Town Defences in England and Wales (London)

Journal Articles

Angus, W.S., 1938, English Historical Review Vol52 p199

Antiquarian (Histories and accounts from late medieval and early modern writers)

William Camden, 1607, Britannia [http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/cambrit/shropseng.html#ches14]
Chandler, John, 1993, John Leland's Itinerary: travels in Tudor England (Sutton Publishing) p269
Toulmin-Smith, Lucy (ed), 1910, The itinerary of John Leland in or about the years 1535-1543 (Bell and Sons; London) Vol5 p41

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Thelwall Town Defences

The Ordnance Survey Map Grid Reference is SJ65538750

Sources of information, references and further reading