Brough Castle

Also known as, or recorded in historical documents as; Burc; Burg; Burgh; Burgo

In the civil parish of Brough.
In the historic county of Westmorland (Modern Authority of Cumbria, 1974 county of Cumbria).

Built on the site of a Roman Fort (Verterae, the outlines of which are still just visible), around 1090. In 1136 it was seized by the Scots. Held by the Scots until 1157 when retaken by the English. The Scots almost destroyed the Castle in 1174 but between 1179 and 1190 much needed restoration work carried out to improve defences.There are two main buildings separated by a cobbled courtyard; a broken square keep of four storeys, which dates from the late C12, and a residential building that incorporates a large round tower in one corner known as 'Clifford's Tower' of about 1300.

This site has been described as a;
Masonry Castle.
The confidence that this site is a medieval fortification or palace is Certain.
Masonry ruins/remnants remains.

This site is a scheduled monument protected by law.

The Ordnance Survey Map Grid Reference is NY79151410

Modern Map from Good for landscape form and features	Modern Map from Good for general location
Air Photo from	1st edition OS Map from

Sources of information, references and further reading

PastScape number; 14926

County Sites and Monuments Record number; 017667

• Web site links
  • http://members.rott.chello.nl/tjemmes/brough.html
    http://www.bispham2.freeserve.co.uk/castles/brough.htm
    http://www.castleuk.net/castle_lists_north/91/broughcastle.htm
    http://www.touruk.co.uk/castles/castle_brough.htm
    http://www.castlexplorer.co.uk/england/brough/brough.php#castle
    http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/conProperty.141
    http://viewfinder.english-heritage.org.uk/search/adv_reference.asp?imageUID=76599 [and others]
    http://www.teesarchaeology.com//projects/aerial_photography/gallery/index394.html
    http://www.visitcumbria.com/pen/broughcastle.htm
• Books
  • Yates, Sarah (ed), 2002, Heritage Unlocked; Guide to free sites in the North West (English Heritage) p21-3
    Salter, Mike, 1998, The Castles and Tower Houses of Cumbria (Malvern) p22-4
    Perriam, Denis and Robinson, John, 1998, The Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria (CWAAS) p262
    Pettifer, A., 1995, English Castles, A guide by counties (Woodbridge) p266-7
    Cope, Jean, 1991, Castles in Cumbria (Cicerone Press) p72-6
    Jackson, M.J.,1990, Castles of Cumbria (Carel Press) p34-5 [plan]
    Furtado, Peter et al (eds), 1988, Ordnance Survey guide to castles in Britain (London) p165
    King, D.J.C., 1983, Castellarium Anglicanum (London: Kraus) Vol2 p491
    Fry, P.S., 1980, Castles of the British Isles (David and Charles) p195
    Hugill, Robert, 1977, Castles and Peles of Cumberland and Westmorland (Newcastle; Frank Graham) p44-7
    Renn, D.F., 1973 (2edn), Norman Castles of Britain (John Baker) p118-20
    Pevsner, Nikolaus, 1967, Buildings of England: Cumberland and Westmorland (Harmondsworth) p231-2
    Colvin, H.M., Brown, R.Allen and Taylor, A.J., 1963, The history of the King's Works Vol2: the Middle Ages (London: HMSO) p582
    RCHME, 1936, An inventory of the historical monuments in Westmorland (HMSO) p50-3
    Curwen, J.F., 1913, Castles and Fortified Towers of Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire North of the Sands (Kendal) p66-7, 81-6
    Harvey, Alfred, 1911, Castles and Walled Towns of England (Methuen and Co)
    Mackenzie, J.D., 1897, Castles of England (Heinemann) Vol2 p282
    Taylor, M.W., 1892, The Old Manorial Halls of Westmorland and Cumberland p31-3
    Clark, G.T., 1884, Medieval Military Architecture in England  (Wyman and Sons) Vol1 p286-94
    Buck, Samuel and Nathenial, 1774, Buck’s Antiquities (London) Vol2 p308
    Grose, F., 1756, Antiquities of England and Wales Vol6 p21-3
• Journal Articles
  • Brown, R, Allen, 1959, 'A List of Castles, 1154–1216' English Historical Review Vol74 [Reprinted in Brown, R. Allen, 1989, Castles, conquest and charters: collected papers (Woodbridge: Boydell Press) p249-280]
    Birley, E., 1958, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Vol59 p31-56
    1946, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Vol46 p223-83
    1927, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Vol27 p224-7
    1909, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Vol9 p177-91
    Clark, G.T., 1881-2, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Vol6 p26-37
    Clark, G.T., 1876, The Builder Vol34 p685-6, 691 [reprinted in MMA]
• Guidebooks
  • Summerson, Henry, 1998, Brougham and Brough Castles (English Heritage)
    Charlton, John, 1990, Brough Castle, Cumbria (English Heritage)
    Charlton, John, 1986, Brough Castle, Cumbria (English Heritage)
    Simpson, W.Douglas, 1982, Brough Castle, Westmorland (HMSO)
    Simpson, W.Douglas, 1949, Brough Castle, Westmorland (HMSO)
• Antiquarian (Histories and accounts from late medieval and early modern writers)
  • William Camden, 1607, Britannia [http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/cambrit/durhameng.html#west5]
    Chandler, John, 1993, John Leland's Itinerary: travels in Tudor England (Sutton Publishing) p483